710 ACUTE COMPLICATIONS DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS

Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

• Smell of ketones on the breath may be absent

Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

• Fever may be absent despite infection

Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

• Neutrophil count may be non-specifically raised

Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

• Plasma sodium concentration may be artificially lowered initially

Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

• Plasma potassium concentration may be temporarily raised despite severe total body potassium depletion

Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

• Plasma creatinine concentration may be falsely elevated

Potential pitfalls in the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis include:

• The plasma glucose may be in the normal range

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Fluids at a rate of 10ml/kg per hour until perfusion improves

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Fluids should be normal saline until blood glucose is less than 15 mmol/l

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Insulin at a rate of 0.01u/kg/hour i.v until blood glucose less than 15mmol/l

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Insulin may be given at 0.01 u/kg/hour i.m if i.v route is not achievable

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Aim to decrease blood glucose at rate of 5mmol/l per hour

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Severe acidosis is reversible by fluid and insulin replacement

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Subcutaneous insulin is started when the child is able to feed

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Subcutaneous insulin 4hrly is started when the blood glucose is less than 15mmol/l

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Cerebral oedema is related to rate of decline of blood glucose

In the initial management of diabetic ketoacidosis in children:

• Replacement of Potassium is a necessary component of treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis

In the treatment of ketoacidosis, cerebral oedema may result from:

• Rapid reduction of plasma glucose concentration

In the treatment of ketoacidosis, cerebral oedema may result from:

• Use of hypotonic fluids